![]() In the fall of 2010, he accepted a professorship in history at Arizona State University and in 2016 he was named Katzin Family Professor. Louis, Missouri, as a professor of history. He was an associate professor of history at the University of Notre Dame, before moving to Saint Louis University in St. (1978) from the University of California, Berkeley. He graduated from San Francisco State University in 1968 and received his M.A. He was educated at Maryville High School in Phoenix, Arizona. Biography Early life ĭonald Thomas Critchlow was born on May 18, 1948, in Pasadena, California. He serves also as the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Policy History published by Cambridge University Press. He has written for The Washington Post, The New York Observer, New York Post, NewsMax and National Review, and has lectured in Europe, China, and Brazil. ![]() He has appeared on C-SPAN, NPR, BBC World News, and many talk radio programs. The Center for American Institutions, established in Fall 2023, states as its mission to strengthen and renew American institutions, political, economic, and social. Finally, the paper will recommend how to reframe the standards articulated in Harper to take into account this structural socioeconomic bias inherent in, and damaging to, the right to vote.Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California, United Statesĭonald Thomas Critchlow (born May 18, 1948) serves as Director for the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University, where he is a professor in History. Marion County – and how that indifference tracks the conflict over the socioeconomic burdens of voting raised in Harper. ![]() It will examine how the courts have been indifferent to the costs levied upon on the right to vote by voter identification laws – most recently in the Supreme Court’s decision in Crawford v. The paper will then consider the potential socioeconomic impact of photo identification laws upon voters and how those impacts are similar to historical class-based discrimination. Virginia, which held that the ability to pay a poll tax had no relationship with the right to vote and, the paper contends, articulated a vision of the right to vote unencumbered by class bias. Then it will discuss the history of voter access in the United States, with a focus on Harper v. This article begins by providing an overview of American photo-identification laws and discussing the modern cost of voting to the voter. This article contends that this type of exclusion is antithetical to the nature of democracy and ultimately constitutes a tyranny of the majority against the minority at the lowest level of socioeconomic status. The potential effect of such photo-voter identification laws is that the voters at the lowest end of the socioeconomic scale are effectively excluded from voting because they are the least able to afford the cost of voting exacted by the law. These laws are similar to other restrictions on the franchise, such as property requirements and poll taxes, because the rules required the voter to demonstrate the ability to meet an economic test – the ability to show a certain property value, the ability to pay a tax, or the ability to obtain a photo ID. This article argues that photo identification laws represent a continuation of the use of economic forces as a way to block people of lower economic status from participation in the electorate.
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